Khatun sayfasının kaynağını görüntüle

{{for|the village in Iran|Mazraeh-ye Khatun, Isfahan}}
'''Khatun''' ([[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: {{mongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ|h}}, '''''khatun''''', хатан '''''khatan'''''; {{lang-fa|[[wikt:خاتون|خاتون]]}} ''khātūn''; {{lang-ur|خاتون}} ''{{transl|ur|ALA|<u>kh</u>ātūn}}'', plural {{lang|ur|خواتين}} ''{{transl|ur|ALA|<u>kh</u>avātīn}}''; {{lang-tr|[[Wiktionary:hatun#Turkish|hatun]]}}) is a female title of [[nobility]] and counterpart to "[[Khan (title)|khan]]" or "[[Khagan]]" prominently used in the [[Turkic Khaganate]] and in the subsequent [[Mongol Empire]]. It is equivalent to "[[queen regnant]]" or "[[emperor|empress regnant]]", approximately.

==History==
Before the advent of [[Islam in Central Asia]], Khatun was the title of the queen of [[Bukhara]]. According to the [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], "Khatun [is] a title of [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the [[Göktürks|T'u-chüeh]] and subsequent Turkish rulers."<ref name="FM">{{cite book |author=Mernissi, Fatima |title=The Forgotten Queens of Islam |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=1993 |page=21 }}</ref>

[[Peter Benjamin Golden]] observed that the title ''qatun'' appeared among the [[Göktürks]] as the title for the [[khagan]]'s wife and was borrowed from [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] ''xwāten'' "wife of the ruler"<ref>[[Peter Benjamin Golden]] (1998), "Turks and Iranians: An historical sketch" ''in'' {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Johanson|first1=Lars|last2=Csató|first2=Éva Ágnes|title=The Turkic Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rre5CAAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-82534-7}}, page 5</ref> Earlier, British [[Oriental studies|Orientalist]] [[Gerard Clauson]] (1891–1974) defined ''xa:tun'' as "'lady' and the like" and says there is "no reasonable doubt that it is taken from Sogdian ''xwt'yn'' (''xwatēn''), in Sogdian ''xwt'y'' ('lord, ruler') and ''xwt'yn'' 'lord's or ruler's wife'), "which is precisely the meaning of ''xa:tun'' in the early period."<ref>{{cite book |author=Clauson, Gerard |title=An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish |place=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1972 |pages=602–603}}</ref>

===Modern usage===
In [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], the language spoken in modern-day Bukhara, [[Uzbekistan]] the word is spelled ''[[wiktionary:uz:xotin|xotin]]'' and has come to simply refer to any woman. In [[Turkish language|Turkish]] it is written ''[[hatun]].'' The general Turkish word for 'woman', ''[[wikt:kadın|kadın]]'', is a [[doublet (linguistics)|doublet]] derived from the same origin.<ref>Clauson, p. 602.</ref>

In [[Urdu]], the word ''khatun'' is used commonly to refer to any woman. The female title ''[[khanum]]'' is also used as the feminine counterpart of ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]''.

==Notable Khatuns==
* [[Börte]]
* [[Buluqhan Khatun]]
* [[Bulugan]]
* [[Despina Khatun]]
* [[Doquz Khatun]]
* [[Mandukhai Khatun]]
* [[Momine Khatun]]
* [[Po Beg]]
* [[Töregene Khatun]]

==See also==
* [[Hatun]]
* [[Khan (title)|Khan]]
* [[Begum]]
* [[Baig]]
* [[Begzada]]
* [[List of Mongol khatuns]]
* [[The OA]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Clauson|first1=Gerard|authorlink1=Gerard Clauson|last2=Róna-Tas|first2=András|authorlink2=András Róna-Tas|title=An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBkAAAAMAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Universitas Szegediensis de Attila Jószef Nominata}}

{{Mongol Empire}}
{{Post-imperial Mongolia}}

[[Category:Court titles]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ottoman titles]]
[[Category:Sogdian words and phrases]]
[[Category:History of the Turkic peoples]]
[[Category:Mongolian nobility]]
[[Category:Turkish words and phrases]]

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