Khatun
Şablon:For Khatun (Mongolian: Şablon:MongolUnicode, khatun, хатан khatan; Şablon:Lang-fa khātūn; Şablon:Lang-ur Şablon:Transl, plural Şablon:Lang Şablon:Transl; Şablon:Lang-tr) is a female title of nobility and counterpart to "khan" or "Khagan" prominently used in the Turkic Khaganate and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. It is equivalent to "queen regnant" or "empress regnant", approximately.
History
Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of the queen of Bukhara. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Khatun [is] a title of Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the T'u-chüeh and subsequent Turkish rulers."<ref name="FM">Şablon:Cite book</ref>
Peter Benjamin Golden observed that the title qatun appeared among the Göktürks as the title for the khagan's wife and was borrowed from Sogdian xwāten "wife of the ruler"<ref>Peter Benjamin Golden (1998), "Turks and Iranians: An historical sketch" in Şablon:Cite book, page 5</ref> Earlier, British Orientalist Gerard Clauson (1891–1974) defined xa:tun as "'lady' and the like" and says there is "no reasonable doubt that it is taken from Sogdian xwt'yn (xwatēn), in Sogdian xwt'y ('lord, ruler') and xwt'yn 'lord's or ruler's wife'), "which is precisely the meaning of xa:tun in the early period."<ref>Şablon:Cite book</ref>
Modern usage
In Uzbek, the language spoken in modern-day Bukhara, Uzbekistan the word is spelled xotin and has come to simply refer to any woman. In Turkish it is written hatun. The general Turkish word for 'woman', kadın, is a doublet derived from the same origin.<ref>Clauson, p. 602.</ref>
In Urdu, the word khatun is used commonly to refer to any woman. The female title khanum is also used as the feminine counterpart of khan.
Notable Khatuns
- Börte
- Buluqhan Khatun
- Bulugan
- Despina Khatun
- Doquz Khatun
- Mandukhai Khatun
- Momine Khatun
- Po Beg
- Töregene Khatun
See also
References
Works cited
Şablon:Mongol Empire Şablon:Post-imperial MongoliaŞablon:Royal-stub
