Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{refimprove|date=December 2011}} {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Мэргид, Гурван Мэргид'' |conventional_long_name = Mergid
Three Mergids |..."

2017-03-26T22:20:39Z

Yeni sayfa: "{{refimprove|date=December 2011}} {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Мэргид, Гурван Мэргид'' |conventional_long_name = Mergid Three Mergids |..."

Yeni sayfa

{{refimprove|date=December 2011}}
{{Infobox former country
|native_name = ''Мэргид, Гурван Мэргид''
|conventional_long_name = Mergid Three Mergids
|common_name = Mergid
|
|continent = Asia
|region = Central Asia
|country = Mongolia
|era = [[Post-classical history|Post-classical Central Asia]]
|status = [[nomad]]ic [[Confederation|confederacy]]
|empire =
|status_text =
|today = {{flag|Mongolia}} {{flag|Russia}} ([[Buryatia]])
|
|year_start = 11th century
|year_end = 1200
|
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|event_end =
|date_end =
|
|p1 = Liao dynasty
|image_p1 =
|p2 =
|image_p2 =
|p3 =
|flag_p3 =
|s1 = Mongol Empire
|flag_s1 =
|
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Mongol Empire c.1207.png
|caption =
|flag_type =
|symbol =
|symbol_type =
|image_map_caption = [[Mongol Empire]] c.1207
|
|national_motto =
|national_anthem =
|
|capital = ''Not specified''
|common_languages = [[Middle Mongol language|Middle Mongol]]
|
|religion = [[Shamanism]]
|
|government_type = [[Elective monarchy]]
|title_leader = [[Khan (title)|Khan]]
|leader1 =
|year_leader1 =
|leader2 = [[Togtoa]] (2nd)
|year_leader2 =
|leader3 =
|year_leader3 =
|leader4 =
|year_leader4 =
|leader5 =
|year_leader5 =
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|currency =
|legislature =
|house1 =
|house2 =
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|stat_year1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|stat_year2 =
|stat_pop2 =
|stat_year3 =
|stat_pop3 =
|stat_area3 =
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|footnotes =
}}
{{History of Mongolia}}
The '''Merkit''' ({{lang-mn|Мэргид}}, lit. ''"skillful/wise ones"'') was one of the five major [[Mongol]] [[confederation|tribal confederation]]s (''khanlig'') in the 12th century [[Mongolian Plateau]].

The Merkits lived in the basins of the [[Selenga River|Selenga]] and lower [[Orkhon River]] (modern south [[Buryatia]] and [[Selenge Province]]).<ref name="HM">History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003</ref> After a struggle of over 20 years, they were defeated in 1200 by [[Genghis Khan]] and were incorporated into the [[Mongol Empire]].

== Etymology ==
The word ''Merged'' (мэргэд) is a plural form derived from the [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] word ''mergen'' (мэргэн), which means both "wise" and "skillful marksperson", as in adept in the use of bow and arrow. The word is also used in many phrases in which it connotes magic, oracles, divination, augury, or religious power. Mongolian language has no clear morphological or grammatical distinction between nouns and adjectives, so ''mergen'' may mean "a sage" as much as "wise" or mean "skillful" just as much as "a master." ''Merged'' becomes plural as in "wise ones" or "skillful markspeople". In the general sense, ''mergen'' usually denotes someone who is skillful and wise in their affairs.

== Three Mergeds ==
The Mergeds were a confederation of three tribes, inhabiting the basin of the Selenga and Orkhon Rivers.
* The Uduyid Merkits lived in Buur-kheer, near the lower Orkhon River;
* The Uvas Merkits lived in Tar, between the Orkhon and Selenge Rivers;
* The Khaad Merkits ("Kings" Merkits) lived in Kharaji-kheer, on the Selenge River.

== Ethnic relations ==
The Merkits were related to the Mongols, [[Naimans]], [[Keraites]], and [[Khitan people]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Weatherford|first1=Jack|title=Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World|page=12|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

== Conflict with Genghis Khan ==
[[Genghis Khan|Temüjin's]] mother [[Hoelun]], originally from the [[Olkhonud]], had been engaged to the Merkit chief [[Yehe Chiledu]] by 1153. She was abducted by Temüjin's father [[Yesugei]], while being escorted home by Yehe Chiledu.

In turn, Temüjin's new wife [[Börte]] was kidnapped by Merkit raiders from their campsite by the Onon river around 1181 and given to one of their warriors. Temüjin, supported by his blood brother [[Jamukha]] and his foster-father [[Keraites#Khanate|Tooril Khan]] of the Keraites, attacked the Merkit and rescued Börte within the year. The Mergids were dispersed after this attack. Shortly thereafter she gave birth to a son named [[Jochi]]. Temüjin accepted paternity but the question lingered throughout Jochi's life. These incidents caused a strong animosity between Temüjin's family and the Merkits. Over the next two decades, he attacked them several times.

By the time he had united the other Mongol tribes and received the title "Chinggis Khan" in 1206, the Mergids seem to have disappeared as an ethnic group. Those who survived were likely absorbed by other Mongol tribes ([[Oirats]], [[Buryats]], [[Khalkha Mongols|Khalkhas]]) and others who fled to the [[Kipchaks]] mixed with them. In 1215-1218, [[Jochi]] and [[Subutai]] crushed the remnants of them under their former leader Toghta Beki's family. The Mongols clashed with the [[Kankalis]] or the Kipchakss because they had sheltered the Merged.

Genghis Khan had a Merged [[khatun]] (queen) named Khulan. She died while Mongol forces [[siege|besieged]] a [[Kievan Rus']] settlement in [[Ryazan]] in 1236. In 1236, during the [[Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria]], a body of the Merkit was found in the area of land dominated by the [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] and [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]].

== Late Mergeds ==
Few Mergeds achieved prominent position among the Mongols, but they were classified as Mongols in Mongolian society. [[Great Khan]] [[Güyük Khan|Guyuk]]'s beloved khatun [[Oghul Qaimish]], who was a regent from 1248-1251, was a Merged woman. The traditionalist [[Bayan of the Merkid|Bayan]] and his cousin Toghta served as Grand [[councilor]]s of the [[Yuan Dynasty]] in [[China]] and [[Mongolia]]. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, they were a clan of a banner in [[Northern Yuan Dynasty|Northern Yuan dynasty]].

==References==
<references/>

{{Mongol ethnic groups |state=expanded}};

[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia]]
[[Category:Mongol peoples]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1200s disestablishments in Asia]]

Merkit - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{refimprove|date=December 2011}} {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Мэргид, Гурван Мэргид'' |conventional_long_name = MergidThree Mergids |..."

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{refimprove|date=December 2011}} {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Мэргид, Гурван Мэргид'' |conventional_long_name = Mergid
Three Mergids |..."