Chobanids sayfasının kaynağını görüntüle

{{About|dynasty in Iran|Anatolian beylik|Chobanids (beylik)}}
{{redirect|Chupani|the village in Iran|Chupani, Iran}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name            = {{lang|fa|سلسله امرای چوپانی}}
|conventional_long_name = Chobanids
|common_name            = Chobanids
|continent              = Asia
|region                 = Middle East
|status                 = Empire
|government_type        = Monarchy
|year_start             = 1335
|year_end               = 1357
|p1                     = Ilkhanate
|flag_p1                =
|s1                     = Golden Horde
|s2                     = Jalayirids
|flag_s2                =
|image_map              = Chupanid_-_Jalayerid_dyansty_1337–1432__ad.PNG
|image_map_caption      = Division of Ilkhanate territory
|capital                = Tabriz
|common_languages       = [[Persian Language|Persian]], [[Mongolian Language|Mongolian]]
}}
{{Mongols}}
{{History of Greater Iran}}
The '''Chobanids''' or the '''Chupanids''' ({{lang-fa|سلسله امرای چوپانی}}), were descendants of a [[Mongol]] family of the [[Suldus]] clan that came to prominence in 14th century [[Persian Empire|Persia]].<ref>Ta'rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais: History of Shaikh Uwais&nbsp;– by Abū Bakr al-Quṭbī Aharī, Abu Bakr al Qutbi al-Ahri, Johannes Baptist van Loon</ref>  At first serving under the [[Ilkhan]]s, they took ''de facto'' control of the territory after the fall of the [[Ilkhanate]]. The Chobanids ruled over [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] (where they were based), [[Arran (Caucasus)|Arrān]], parts of [[Asia Minor]], [[Mesopotamia]], and west central Persia, while the [[Jalayirid]]s took control in [[Baghdad]].{{sfn|Melville|Zaryāb|1991|pages=496-502}}
<ref>[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-22890 Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref>
==Early Chobanids==

The early Chobanids were members of the [[Soldus tribe]].{{cn|date=November 2014}} [[Sorgan Sira]], one of the first important Chobanids, served [[Genghis Khan]] during the latter's rise to power.{{cn|date=November 2014}} Later on, the Chobanids came to live under the authority of the Ilkhanate. A descendent of Sorgan Sira, [[Amir Tudahun]], was killed in 1277 fighting against the [[Mamluk]]s at the [[battle of Elbistan]]. He left a son, ''Malek'' (king), who in turn fathered [[Chupan|Amir Chupan]], the namesake of the Chobanids.{{cn|date=November 2014}}

==Amir Chupan and his Sons==
{{main|Chupan}}

During the early 14th century, Amir Chupan served under three successive Ilkhans, beginning with [[Mahmud Ghazan|Ghazan Mahmud]]. A military commander of note, Chupan quickly gained a degree of influence over the Ilkhans and married several members of the line of [[Hulagu Khan]]. His power fueled resentment among the nobility, who conspired against him in 1319 but failed. The Ilkhan [[Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Abu Sa'id]], however, also disliked Chupan's influence and successfully eliminated him from court. He fled in 1327 to [[Herat]], where the [[Kartids]] executed him. Several of his sons fled to the [[Golden Horde]] or the [[Mamluk|Mamluks of Egypt]] while others were killed.

==Baghdad Khatun==
{{main|Bagdad Katun}}

The Chobanids were not completely wiped out from Persia. A daughter of Chupan's, Baghdad Katun, had caught the eye of Abu Sa'id. During Chupan's lifetime, she had been married to [[Hasan Buzurg]], the future founder of the [[Jalayirids]], but after Chupan fled Hasan Buzurg divorced her, and she married Abu Sa'id. She quickly gained influence over the Ilkhan and exercised the wide powers given to her. She was alleged (but never proven) to have been involved in any conspiracies against the Ilkhan, but was believed by some to have caused Abu Sa'id's death in 1335. Abu Sa'id's successor [[Arpa Ke'un]] executed her.

==Role during the fall of the Ilkhanate, and Hasan-i Kuchak==
{{main|Hasan Kucek}}

Arpa Ke'un's position proved to be weak; when a granddaughter of Chupan, [[Delsad Katun]], fled to [[Diyarbakr]], it caused the governor of that region to attack and defeat the Ilkhan. During the strife that occurred in the next few years, individual members of the Chobanids sided with various factions, such as Arpa or Hasan Buzurg. The latter ended up marrying Delsad Katun, who provided for the heirs to the Jalayirid position.

While the Jalayirids were consolidating their position in [[Iraq]], however, other Chobanid were also busy. [[Hasan Kucek]], a grandson of Chupan, rallied much of the Chobanid family to his side and defeated the Jalayirids in 1338, paving the way for a Chobanid realm in the area around [[Tabriz]]. That same year, he elevated [[Sati Beg]], sister of Abu Sa'id and widow of Chupan, to the Ilkhanid throne. To keep Sati Beg in check, he forced her to marry his puppet [[Suleiman Khan]]. Hasan Kucek continued to fight the Jalayirids (a fight which was further complicated by the incursions made by [[Togha Temur]] of [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]]), but family infighting proved to be the most difficult challenge. Several members defected to the Jalayirids; in any case, Hasan Kucek was forced to deal with them up until his death in 1343.

==Malek Ashraf and the Chobanid decline==
{{main|Malek Ashraf}}

A power struggle quickly emerged after Hasan Kucek's death. During the dispute, Hasan Kucek's brother Malek Asraf gained the upper hand and eliminated his uncles. By the end of 1344, Malek Asraf had gained effective control of the Chobanid lands. Like his predecessor, Malek Asraf used puppet monarchs from behind which he ruled. During his reign, the Chobanid attempted to capture [[Baghdad]] from the Jalayirids in 1347 but failed miserably. He also failed to seize [[Fars Province|Fars]] from the [[Injuids]] in 1350. As his reign wore on, Malek Asraf became more and more cruel, prompting widespread dissatisfaction amongst his subjects. When forces of the Golden Horde overran the Chobanid realm and captured Tabriz in 1357, few lamented the loss of power by the Chupanids. Malek Asraf was executed, and his family brought north to the Golden Horde. Malek Asraf's offspring were eventually killed off in Persia, bringing a definitive end to the Chobanids as a power.

==Family tree==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | CHU | | | | | | | | | |CHU='''[[Chupan]]'''}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| | HAS | | TIM | | | | DEM | | SHE | | BAG | |HAS=[[Hassan (Chupanids)|Hassan]] |TIM='''[[Timurtash]]''' |DEM=[[Demasq Kaja]] |SHE=[[Shaikh Mahmoud]] |BAG=[[Baghdad Khatun]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | HAS | | ALA | | DEL | | | | | | | | | |HAS='''[[Hassan Kuchak]]''' |ALA='''[[Malek Ashraf]]''' |DEL=[[Dilshad Khatun]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==See also==
*[[Dai Chopan]]
*[[Dey Chopan District]]
*[[Chopan]]- a town in India

==References==
<references/>

==Sources==
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = CHOBANIDS | last1 = Melville | first1 = Charles | last2 = Zaryāb | first2 = ʿAbbās | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. V, Fasc. 5 | pages = 496-502 | location = | publisher = | year = 1991 | isbn = |ref=harv}}

{{Mongol Empire |state=collapsed}}
{{Iran topics}}

[[Category:Chobanids| ]]
[[Category:1357 disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1335]]
[[Category:Former countries in the Middle East]]
[[Category:History of Armenia]]
[[Category:History of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:History of Turkey]]
[[Category:Mongol dynasties]]